Apparatus for baking material



ATTORN E YS/ I. M. JUSTICE AND G. A. WII.`I 'IGMAN.

APPARATUS FOR BAKING MATERIAL (DOVINDRAFT KILNS).

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8,1920.

Il M. JUSTICE AND G. A. WILLIGIVIAN.

APPARATUS FOR BAKING MATERIAL (DOWNDIIAFT KILNS)A APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8.1920.

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APPARATUS FOR BAKING MATERIAL (DOWNDRAFT KILNS).

APPLICATION FILED Nov. s. 1920.

1 ,405,593, Patented Feb. 7, 1922.

a SIIEETSAIIEET a.

I L L ATTOR N EYS/ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ITHAMAR M. JUSTICE AND GrLfNv A. WILLIGMAN, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

APrARA'rUs non BAKrNeivIeTni-ten (nowNnnAFr Knaus).`

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feud, 1922.

Y Application vfiled.'November 8, 1920.; Serial No. 422,427.

To all 'whom I? mal-y concern Be it known that ITHAMAR M. JUSTICE and GLEN A. VVILLIGMAN, citizens of the Unit-ed States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Apparatus for Baking Material, `(Downdraft l ilns,) of which the following is a specication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

Our invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of ware.

The obj ect of our invention is to provide a kiln in which the ware to be treated will re ceivethe maximum amount of heat for the amount of fuel consumed with the leastwaste of the fuel. It is another object of our invention to provide a kiln which shall be economically constructed and whichwillY climi nate expensive portions of present installations of this character. It is our object to provide a process which permits the operator to readily control the treatment of the ware in the kiln and to adjust the treatment to conditions simply and effectively. It is the obj ect of our invention to secure a temperature by our process otherwise unobtainable for the amount of fuel consumed.

In general, we designate our process as a downdraft method of treatment of the ware.

in that we deliver the fuel in combination with the. air through a burner at one side of the kiln. Due to heat and in some instances to deflection, the combination offfuel and air in combustion passes upwardly to the crown of the kiln, across the kiln and impinging against the opposite wall near 'its top and against a downwardly curving surface of the crown or roof, the hot gases are deflected downwardly until they in turn impinge upon the roof of the exit passage way at the bottom of the kiln on a side opposite to that on which is located the burner. Here in turn, the gases are deflectedlaterally to the center of the kiln. Due to their heat they have a tendency to move upwardly to the -crown once more throughthe center of the kiln and through ther interstices left between the pieces of ware as they are piled in the kiln. Some of the gases and products of combustion are carried out through the side ofan exit passage way. Some of the products of combustion are carried out, a small portion of them, through the crown `ofthe exit passage way in openings provided for the purpose yof balancing the draft.

Ve thereby accomplish one of our primary obgects incur process, that is, of setting up a whirling movement of the gases within the kiln so that there shall be a positive circulation of the gases treating the ware completely and thoroughly, and utilizing the heat which may be extracted from these gases. The cooler waste products naturally drop to the bottom of the kiln and are carriedout by the draft through the exit passage way. n

It is another object of our invention by controlling the draft atl either end ofthe exit passage way to balance the exit of the gases and to vregulate in a measure the contents in the kiln. l y

- Referring to the drawings,

F ig. 1, is a side elevation of a vertical section of the kiln and an elevation of the burner iny combination therewith;

. Fig. 2, is a plan View of a horizontal section of the kiln and a planpview of the burners together with a gas line in combination with the kiln; f

Fig. 3, is a perspective of an individual supporting brick which is used to span the trough` formed between two partition walls;

Fig. 4, is a side elevation of the kiln, the right hand portion of which is taken from theV exterior of the kiln and the left hand portion of which is an elevation of a vertical section taken on the longitudinal axis of the kiln to show the partition walls and bricks spanning the troughs between them;

F ig; 5, is a perspective of one end of the exit passage way and the base of the stack illustrating the apparatus for shutting off therdraft of the stack.

Referring to Figure l, 1 is the wall of the kiln, 2 is the top or crownythe walls and crown vare imperforate save for the openings pierced in their side at 3 for the introduction of the combined air and fuel. 4 are supporting walls braced by the vertical members 5 heldtogether by the stay-rods 6. is a bag wall; 8 a partition wall. The partition walls are separated from the base of the bag wall by an insert of sandat 9 to permit of their` expansion when they become heated. 10 is a burner fed from the gas through 11 and the air line 12. 18 is an exit passage having a crown 14, a side wall 15, and an entrance passage into the exit way at 16. This crown 14 is pierced at17 a small opening, preferably-of some 4 x5 Y the down draft principle of operation a very We prefer that these openings be located some distance apart, but their exact location depends upon the dimensions of the kiln. The partition walls 8, as will be seen in Figure 2, are separated by troughs 18 which lead to the exit passage way 13 through the passage way 16. These troughs are spanned by a brick 19 (see Figure These bricks have a' plurality of openings 20 extending through their bodies. The eXit passage way 13 communicates at either end to a stack 21 and a stack 22. Each stack is provided with a damper 23 to control the exit of the gases as will be more fully explained hereinafter. The ware to be treated is piled with openings between each piece of ware and its adjoining piece upon these spanning bricks 19 and the partition walls 8.

The method of operation and process of treatment of the ware is as follows: The gas is delivered through the tunnel 11 into the burner 10 where air from 12 is mixed' with it.v

wall 7 and is thus directed to the crown of the kiln at high heat and under pressure. The gas is circulated over the ware downwardly on the'other side of the kiln above the exit tunnel and rises again through the ware. The waste product follows the arrows outthrough the opening 16 into the exit tunnels, a small portion of the gases passes out of the exit passage way 17 to thus. balance the draft. Y

ll/Ve find that the location of the burners on one side thus enables us to eliminate the burners on the other side and to secure with much more effective use of the fuel than was heretofore possible. The cost of installation is very materially reduced because only one set of burners have to loe provided.

It will be noted that the exist passage way Y or tunnel 13 has no partitions in it, that it is fed byva plurality of entrance openings 16 communicating with each trough between the partition walls 8 and that the only block to the exit of the gases is at either end in connection with the stack.

In a long kiln with alarge number of burners and a corresponding multiplication ofthe other elements involved in this type of installation, our practice is to start the treatment of the ware permitting, during the first half of the treatment, the gases to pass out of one stack while the other is closed up and then during the last half of the treatment to permit the gases to pass out of theV other stack closing up the first mentioned stack. We can open both stacks at the same time and do so, but during a period of the operation each one of the stacks should be f closed alternatively so that any area half way between the stacks adjacent the eXit passage way may not be unduly cool as would be the case if the draft was strong towards both ends at the saine time. By stopping up one ofthe stacks at a time the heat backs up throughout the tunnel and thus prevents any undesirable cool spot from being formed any place in the exit tunnel. Y

Having thus fully describedV our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In combination, a kiln, a burner on one side thereof, a downwardly sloping trough, and an exit passage way for the waste gases at the other side of the kilnv communicating with the trough.

2. In combination, a kiln, a burner at one side thereof, a downwardly sloping trough, an exit passage-way for waste gases at the other side of the kiln communicating with the trough and a stack connected to said passage-way with means to control the draft for said stack. Y A

3. In combination, a kiln, a burner at one side thereof, an entrance passage way from the burner, means to supply air and fuel to said burner, an exit passage way located below the floor of said kiln, a downwardly sloping'trough, means on one side of said,V

exit passage way for communicating with the kiln floor, whereby ware is treated. p

4. The combination of a kiln, a burner located on the lower edge of one of the walls of said kiln on one side thereof, an exit passage way for waste gases, located below the floor of the kiln at the other side thereof, a downwardly sloping trough in the floor of said kilnlocated below the floor thereof, an entrance passage way into said exit passa-ge way communicating with said trough, whereby ware is treated.

V5. The Vcombination of a kiln, a burner located on the lower edge of one of the walls of said kiln on one side thereof, an exit passage way for waste gases locatedV below the floor of the kiln at the other side therel of, aV downwardly sloping trough in the floor of said kiln located below the floor thereof, an entrance passage way into said exit passage way communicating with said trough, an entrance passage way edjacent the burner and a bag wall adjacent said entrance passage way, whereby ware is passage ways from said troughs into said,

exit passage way below the floor,ra stack at either end of said exit passage way exterior of the kiln, means adjacent to said stacks to control the exit of gases from the exit passage way, whereby ware is treated.

7. In combination, a kiln, a fuel entrance passage way at the lower edge of one wall thereof, a burner, means of supplying air and fuel to said burner, a bag wall adjacent said entrance passage way, an exit passage way for waste gases located below the floor of the kiln on the other side from the fuel entrance passage way, a plurality of downwardly sloping troughs in the floor of said kiln, a plurality of partition Walls saparating said troughs, a plurality of entrance passage ways from said troughs into said exit assage way below the oor,'a stack at eit er end of said exit passage way eX- terior of the kiln, means adjacent to said stacks to control the exit of gases from the exit passage way, and means to span the troughs resting on said partition walls to form a floor in the kiln, whereby ware is treated.

8. In combination, a kiln, a plurality of bag walls therein on one side, a plurality of apertures for the introduction of fuel gases communicating with said bag walls, a plurality of burners communicating with sald apertures and means of su plying air and fuel to said burners; a plura ity of partition walls spaced from one another extending transversely of said kiln from the bag walls below the level of the floor of the kiln; an exit passage way for s ent gases located below the level of the goor of the kiln, a plurality of apertures therein on one side thereof towards the center of the kiln below the level of the Hoor communieating with the areas between saidfpartition walls, a stack at either end of said exit passage Way, a damper adjacent each stack in said passage way; and spaced apertures in the top of the exit passage way communieating with the door of the kiln to balance the draft and means to span the troughs between the partition walls to form a oor for the kiln, whereby ware is treated.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures.

ITHAMAR M. JUSTICE. GLEN A. WILLIGMAN. 

